Do-It-Yourself Home Improvement Guide
This home improvement cost guide has been prepared CKA Group in conjunction with Kidsafe to provide a guide to home owners contemplating undertaking home improvements, renovations and extensions.
In addition to providing stunning, energy efficient buildings, CKA Group is committed to providing safe environments for children, adults and seniors. Every year, approximately 300,000 children and 130,000 adults suffer preventable injuries in their homes. Your home improvement project will provide the opportunity to build a safer environment for you and your family. Home safety design does not add cost, nor does it compromise design integrity, but it could save lives. Additionally, a well-designed improvement is an excellent capital gains tax free investment.
Robert Caulfield, Managing Director, CKA Group
Deciding to renovate and improve your home is an exciting time. It involves gathering lots of information and making key decisions on how the project will work. With this information from CKA Group, you’ll be in a great position to plan and budget properly, avoiding any surprises once building commences.
You Will Need
- An accurate tape measure at least 20m long
- Power point tester
- Ladder
- Camera
- Spirit level
Your Existing Home
Before you begin your home improvement you need information vital to your own home. This includes accurate plans of existing conditions, and the condition of the structure and services.
The Measure Up
Building plans of your existing home may be available from your local council. If not, you will need to accurately draw and measure the entire house to an accuracy of 10mm to 25mm for each room, the house overall and setbacks from front and side boundaries. (Real estate plans are not sufficient for this purpose.)
Drawings should be to a scale of 1:100 or 1:50 and include items such as wall thickness, door and window locations, height of sills and ceilings. You should also show the location of services such as power points, taps, heaters, hot water services, and air conditioners. We recommend you photograph your house to record its condition internally and externally, before construction work starts.
Familiarise yourself with regulations governing minimum setbacks and maximum heights relevant to your property and those of neighbours. You may also need assistance from a building surveyor to plot and certify these.
If you are not confident with this process, an architect can help.
Typical Architect’s measure up
The Condition Survey
Home improvement building costs can inadvertently escalate because of unforeseen problems with your existing structure.
The most common of these are:
- Dangerous electrical wiring requiring total replacement
- Dilapidated water pipes requiring total re-plumbing
- Old roofs and gutters requiring total replacement
- Rotten timber stumps, piers or sub floor structure requiring re-blocking or re-construction of subfloors
- Old lath-and-plaster walls requiring total re-plastering
- Termite or borer activity requiring replacement of structural elements.
It is critical that you undertake a detailed inspection of the home. For help refer to our Home Inspection Checklist.
Restrictions, Rules and Regulations
There are many planning and building codes which will impact on the process. These can include:
- Restrictions on tree removal
- Erosion control
- Heritage restrictions
- Single storey or single dwelling covenants
- Bushfire protection
- Energy ratings
- Minimum front and side boundary setbacks
- Maximum height restrictions
- Overlooking
- Overshadowing
Visit your local council town planner and building surveyor to compile a list of restrictions relative to your property as they will all potentially affect your design.
The Design Brief
Before you undertake any planning work, you need to prepare a design brief. Involve the family and consider important elements and wish list items. The brief should include a list of all rooms, optimum dimensions, furniture, fittings and equipment. The most common mistakes made are:
- Over estimating sizes of lounges and family rooms
- Under estimating storage requirements
- Under estimating circulation space for example hallway
Beach House with Swimming Pool
Modern kitchen
Planning for Sustainability
A competent home renovation should involve state of art thinking in sustainable design. This will reduce your energy and water consumption and will lower running costs for utilities without adding substantial costs. Sustainable design is a complex issue and each project needs to be examined individually.
Your architect can help with these. Following are some design tips:
- Appropriately designed eaves, pergolas and sunshades allow or block sunshine, reducing heating and cooling costs.
- Well placed windows and doors promote cross flow ventilation, reducing cooling costs in summer.
- Water efficient taps and shower heads can reduce water usage by more than 50%.
- The hot water service is often the greatest source of greenhouse gas emissions and therefore expensive energy bills. Solar, natural gas or electric heat pump systems can significantly reduce energy costs.
- Current building regulations stipulate minimum insulation criteria for walls, floors and ceilings. You can improve the energy efficiency of your home if you choose to exceed these.
- Choose energy rated appliances rated 3 stars or greater.
- The building materials you choose require different levels of energy to produce them, this is known as ‘embodied energy’. True sustainable design takes these into consideration. Generally, concrete and aluminium products have the most embodied energy, and timber has the least. Your architect can explain the energy properties of materials that may be relevant for your home.
Home Safety Design Guide
The most common injuries in homes can be categorized into three age groups; young children, adults, seniors. Many injuries can be prevented with good, thoughtful design. All three age groups will visit or live in your home, so you should consider the following:
Children
Every year in Australia an estimated 320,000 children under the age of 15 are treated in hospital because of accidents, many of which happen in their homes.
- The design should allow the establishment of a “child safety zone” inside the house and supervised play area outside
- There should be no connection between areas where children play and driveways or garages
- Door handles for all external doors and ‘danger areas’ such as laundries, bathrooms, garages and sheds, should be set 1500 mm from floor level to prevent toddler access
- There should be a maximum of ten steps in a stair before a change in direction, and stairs should ideally be carpeted
- There should be no sharp corners to benches, built in furniture (and loose furniture if possible)
- Sliding aluminium windows should be restricted to a maximum opening size of 125mm
- A medicine cupboard in the main bathroom, should be mounted at 1500mm from floor level
- Ensure that safety switches are installed if the home is not being re-wired
- Ensure that hot water services are limited to 50ºC
Adults
Every year in Australia an estimated 130,000 adults are treated in hospital for fall, slip and trip injuries that happen in the home; many of the more serious injuries are due to falls from ladders and roofs. Another 45,000 are treated for cutting and piercing injuries that happen in the home from contact with glass, knives and tools.
- Installing gutter guards will minimise ladder maintenance
- Limit the use of highly polished or slippery floor surfaces particularly in wet areas or near stairs
- Keep roof designs simple and preferably less than 20-degree pitch to minimise maintenance and the probability of slipping. Alternatively, install safety harness anchor points
Seniors
Many injuries to seniors occur from falls in and around the home. Most of the precautions listed previously apply, but the following are most relevant to seniors.
- Steps and changes in level should be obvious, well-lit and where possible incorporate hand rails
- Step free shower bases minimise bathroom falls
- Provide adequate power points to minimise the use of extension leads and power boards, one of the most common causes of tripping hazards
Note: Injury data for Australia has been estimated from Victorian injury data provided by the Victorian Injury Surveillance Unit (VISU) at Monash University Injury Research Institute (MIRI) and Kidsafe then estimated for Australia on a pro rata population basis.
The Design Process
Backgarden with Alfresco area and pool
House Facade
Budget
Having considered all available data on regulations, restrictions, design brief, sustainability and the home safety guide, there is one remaining important factor to consider: budget.
You can prepare an appropriate cost of your renovation from the Home Renovation Cost Indicator, available on the CKA Group website.
Most home owners underestimate the projected cost of home improvements and many DIY renovators find their funds exhausted part way through the building process, resulting in a financial and planning disaster. Be realistic! A builder, or an architect can give you an accurate estimated price per square metre for new work. You will also need to estimate and include the cost of repairs to the existing part of your home.
Planning Your Improvement for Profit
There is no simple way of defining the planning procedure, but the following tips will help you work through the process. A successful home improvement should be attractive, safe, energy efficient and a great tax-free capital investment. Your architect can help you achieve this.
- High resale value is about great first impressions. Your improvement must have excellent design appeal.
- Never skimp or compromise on the overall design concept. Independent professional advice here is worth every cent.
- Choosing premium fittings and finishes such as tiles, taps, basins, toilets and bench tops may not add to the value of your home but can place unnecessary stress on your budget and can cause over capitialisation of your project. Consider these purchases carefully and take some time to shop around for the best deal.
- According to many real estate agents, “Architect designed” can add more than10% to the value of your home. An architect’s fees will most often be justified from the increased capital value of the home.
- Inefficient planning and poor design will add unnecessary floor area to your project. This can also cause over capitalisation.
Preparing your design concept
You should now have enough information to prepare your concept plans. These are not construction drawings, but sketch plans drawn at 1:100 or 1:50 scale. They should include all furniture such as tables, chairs, beds, lounge suites, all drawn to scale to make sure that your room sizes, circulation spaces and door swings all function efficiently. You should also prepare elevations, including your existing home so that everyone involved in your project can visualise the final product. Your architect can perform this work.
Investment Budget Review
You now have enough information to obtain estimates of construction cost from a builder or quantity surveyor and opinions on the resale value from a real estate agent or valuer. As a guide, successful renovation projects should return a profit after about five years and a substantial capital gain after seven to 10 years. Generally, property values double every ten years or so. In addition to the investment return you will enjoy in a contemporary, 21st century home you decide to sell.
If your budget review doesn’t achieve the result you require you should revise your concept plan.
The team at CKA Group would be happy to discuss your potential home renovation, and how it can be planned to deliver an exceptional new extension to your existing home, whilst meeting budget and timing requirements
Getting your project built
The most cost-effective way to progress your project to building stage is for your architect to prepare working drawings, specifications and material schedules. Then seek competitive tenders from three to six suitable builders. When choosing your builder, cheapest is not necessarily the best. Ask to see previous completed projects and get testimonials from other clients. Also consider proposed construction time – especially important if you need to move out of your home during the build.
Typical Architect’s Working Drawing
Be aware of contingency sums and prime cost sums. These are monetary allowances builders often include in tenders instead of pricing specified products. These are notorious for causing cost overruns where the allowance is far less than the actual purchase price.
You should then enter into a legal contract that protects your interests with appropriate liquidated damages, retention sum and defects liability clauses. Your architect will be experienced in these issues and will offer quality advice. Ensure the builder has allowed for obtaining all required permits.
Some owners choose to administer the contract. This can work well providing the owner has a comprehensive knowledge of building, and project management. This will be time consuming and will involve monitoring quality of construction work, progress payments, variation claims and generally supervising a host of issues that invariably develop during construction. An alternative is for your architect to administer the process.
Completion
Your project is not complete until all regulatory checks (building inspector, electrical, plumbing etc) have been signed off, all contract items are complete, defects remedied and the defects liability period (usually 26 or 52 weeks) has expired. Only then should you release the remainder of funds to the builder.
If you have planned your project well you will have a contemporary, trouble free home, sound investment and hopefully you will have enjoyed the process and be proud of your achievement.
More importantly, you will enjoy a safe environment for your family, friends, visitors and maintenance contractors who will visit your home for many years to come.
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